Two thirds of farmland at risk of pesticide pollution
The study, published in , produced a global model mapping pollution risk caused by 92 chemicals commonly used in agricultural pesticides in 168 countries.听
The study examined risk to soil, the atmosphere, and surface and ground water.
The map also revealed Asia houses the largest land areas at high risk of pollution, with China, Japan, Malaysia, and the Philippines at highest risk. Some of these areas are considered 鈥渇ood bowl鈥� nations, feeding a large portion of the world鈥檚 population.
University of Sydney Research Associate and the study鈥檚 lead author, Dr, said the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture 鈥� while boosting productivity 鈥� could have potential implications for the environment, human and animal health. 聽聽
鈥淥ur study has revealed 64 percent of the world鈥檚 arable land is at risk of pesticide pollution," said Dr Tang.
"This is important because the wider scientific literature has found that pesticide pollution can have adverse impacts on human health and the environment."
Pesticides can be transported to surface waters and groundwater through runoff and infiltration, polluting water bodies, thereby reducing the usability of water resources.
鈥淎lthough the agricultural land in Oceania shows the lowest pesticide pollution risk, Australia's Murray-Darling basin is considered a high-concern region both due to its water scarcity issues, and its high biodiversity,鈥� said co-author Associate Professor Federico Maggi from the School of Civil Engineering and the Sydney Institute of Agriculture.听
鈥淕lobally, our work shows that 34 percent of the high-risk areas are in high-biodiversity regions, 19 percent in low-and lower-middle-income nations and five percent in water-scarce areas."
There is concern that overuse of pesticides will tip the balance, destabilise ecosystems and degrade the quality of water sources that humans and animals rely on to survive.
The future outlook
Global pesticide use is to increase as the global population heads towards an expected 8.5 billion by 2030.
鈥淚n a warmer climate, as the global population grows, the use of pesticides is expected to increase to combat the possible rise in pest invasions and to feed more people,鈥� said Dr Tang.听
鈥淎lthough protecting food production is essential for human development, reducing pesticide pollution is equivalently crucial to protect the biodiversity that maintains soil health and functions, contributing towards food security.鈥�
Co-author Professor聽Alex McBratney, Director of the Sydney Institute of Agriculture at the University of Sydney, said: 鈥淭his study shows it will be important to carefully monitor residues on an annual basis to detect trends in order to manage and mitigate risks from pesticide use.鈥�
The research was conducted by Dr Fiona Tang and Associate Professor Federico Maggi from the Faculty of Engineering, and Professor Manfred Lenzen and Professor Alexander McBratney from the Faculty of Science.
鈥淲e recommend a global strategy to transition towards a sustainable, global agricultural model that reduces food wastage while reducing the use of pesticides,鈥� said the authors of the paper.
DISCLOSURE:
This research was supported by the University of Sydney鈥檚 EnviroSphere research program.听The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
