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The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) promises a life-changing opportunity for Australians living with disabilities to get the supports they need to engage and participate fully in their communities.

The size, complexity and rapid roll-out of the NDIS meant that teething problems would inevitably arise.

础苍听, released on Monday, shows these problems are particularly serious for people with mental illnesses 鈥� also known as psychosocial disabilities.

People with a mental illness were the last group to be included in the NDIS. Initial planning focused on physical and intellectual disability, failing to recognise the unique needs and challenges of people with psychosocial disabilities.

While some听听in the years since the roll out, more changes听听to make it easier for eligible Australians with a severe mental illness to get into the NDIS, and then get the supports they need.

Why it鈥檚 hard to get into the NDIS

To gain access to the NDIS, people need to gather and submit evidence to prove that their mental illness results in a disability.

Sometimes a mental illness does not have a long-term effect on the person鈥檚 ability to study, work or look after themselves. These people don鈥檛 have a psychosocial disability and they don鈥檛 need the NDIS.

However mental illnesses 鈥� including schizophrenia, depression, and a range of other types of illness 鈥� do often have a long-term effect on a person鈥檚 ability to do these everyday activities. This is when their mental illness results in a psychosocial disability and the NDIS is needed.

To gain access to the NDIS, they also need to prove that this disability is permanent.

This can be incredibly difficult.

Many people with a severe mental illness don鈥檛 recognise they have an illness or disability and don鈥檛 access supports and treatments.

They may be unaware that they鈥檙e potentially eligible, or too unwell or fearful to engage with the NDIS, unless someone reaches out and builds their trust over time.

People with psychosocial disabilities often live transient lives, disconnected from or only sporadically involved with mental health services. This means they won鈥檛 have the evidence they need to prove permanency.

Another barrier is that psychosocial disabilities, unlike other types of disability, typically fluctuate. Many people 鈥� whether they have schizophrenia, depression or another mental illness 鈥� have times where they鈥檙e unable to do even the most basic tasks needed to look after themselves and just getting out of bed is a struggle, while at other times their illness has less impact.

Finally, a mismatch between the NDIS language of disability, and the strengths-focused language that mental health services use, can create additional barriers to accessing the system.

While NDIS requires the person to be 鈥減ermanently impaired鈥�, clinicians strive to focus on hope and the potential of living a meaningful life. So they avoid using hopeless language such as 鈥減ermanent鈥�. If clinicians don鈥檛 use disability-related language in evidence they provide, the person is likely to be assessed as ineligible.

How to make it easier to get into the NDIS

The proposed solutions in this week鈥檚 independent review mirror those suggested by the more than 80 Australian mental health organisations that participated in听听.

There is now strong evidence on what would make it easier for people with psychosocial disabilities to access the NDIS. This includes:

• assertive yet respectful and skilled outreach to those who are hard to engage
• stronger, more targeted support to help people navigate the NDIS
• better training and support for assessors to understand the fluctuating nature of psychosocial disabilities
• assessments that consider a span of time, not just how a person is functioning in the moment.

They are on the NDIS, now what?

Even if a person has successfully navigated the application process and are assessed as eligible, they might encounter problems accessing services that meet their needs.

These problems can include:

• inappropriate NDIS plans:听a lack of understanding of mental illness can lead to plans that are more relevant for a person with a physical disability. (An NDIS plan is a package of services allocated to a particular person based on their initial NDIS assessment)
• inability to coordinate services:听depending on the complexity of a person鈥檚 disability, they may need help to organise appropriate services. But this help isn鈥檛 always available. This can result in the person not using the funding in their plan
• thin markets:听appropriate services may not be available because they鈥檙e either not offered nearby, or are too expensive to be accessible through NDIS funds. This is a particular problem for people in rural and remote region
• poorly trained workforce:听untrained support workers often provide services with limited supervision, raising issues of both quality and safety
• inflexible plans:听NDIS plans often aren鈥檛 flexible enough to account for the fluctuating needs of people with mental illnesses.

The NDIS needs a new, psychosocial-specific stream with trained assessors, increased flexibility of plans and recognition of the need for support coordination.

For the NDIS to live up to its potential it needs not only flexibility, but ongoing input from experts, including people living with mental illnesses and their families.

This article was first published on听听and is written by Associate Professor and Associate Professor 听from the University of Sydney鈥檚 Centre for Disability Research and Policy. 听

Declaration:听Nicola Hancock has received funding from the National Mental Health Commission, state peak organisations and Community Mental Health Australia to conduct NDIS-related research. Jennifer Smith-Merry has received funding from the NSW Government and the National Mental Health Commission to conduct research into the NDIS transition.